About the Protocol

What is MeshCore?

Learn how MeshCore mesh networking works: LoRa radio technology, managed flood routing, room servers, encryption, and how it enables off-grid communication across Europe.

What is Mesh Networking?

A mesh network is a communication system where devices relay messages for each other. Instead of depending on a central tower or router, every device can receive a message and pass it along. If one path is blocked, the message finds another route. There is no single point of failure.

Key Benefits

MeshCore provides secure, independent, and open communication without relying on any external infrastructure.

End-to-End Encrypted

All direct messages are encrypted using AES-256-CTR. No other device in the mesh, including repeaters, can read the content of your conversations.

No Infrastructure Required

No cell towers, no internet connection, no subscriptions. The devices themselves form the network. It works where traditional infrastructure does not.

Fully Open Source

The firmware, companion app, and protocol are all open source. You can inspect, modify, and contribute. No vendor lock-in, no company that can shut it down.

What is MeshCore?

MeshCore is open-source firmware created by Scott Powell that runs on affordable ESP32-based LoRa radio hardware, turning each device into a node in a decentralized mesh network.

Direct Messages

Send encrypted messages between any two devices in range or connected through the mesh network.

Room Servers

Group chat hubs that store and forward messages for all participants, even when individual users go offline.

Repeaters

Dedicated relay nodes, typically placed at elevation, that extend network range by forwarding messages across greater distances.

Companion Mode

Pair a device with your phone via Bluetooth and use the MeshCore App on Android or iOS for the user interface.

The firmware is free, hardware costs EUR 15-80, and no internet, cellular service, or subscription is ever required.

How MeshCore Works

LoRa Radio Technology

MeshCore uses LoRa (Long Range) radio modulation, a technology designed for low-power, long-distance communication. In Europe, it operates on the 868 MHz ISM band.

  • Range: 1 to 10 km line of sight, depending on terrain, antenna, and elevation
  • Low power: Devices can run for days on a small battery
  • Low bandwidth: Designed for short text messages, not voice or video
  • Penetration: 868 MHz signals travel through walls and vegetation better than higher frequencies

Managed Flood Routing

MeshCore uses a managed flood routing protocol where each node makes intelligent decisions about whether to reforward a message. This reduces unnecessary transmissions, conserves bandwidth, and allows the network to scale efficiently.

Node Types

MeshCore devices operate as Clients (paired with your phone via Bluetooth), Standalone units (with built-in display), Repeaters (dedicated relay nodes at elevation), or Room Servers (group communication hubs that store and forward messages).

Encryption

All direct messages are encrypted using AES-256-CTR with end-to-end key exchange. No other device in the mesh can read your direct messages. Room server messages are encrypted in transit but readable by the server for storage and forwarding.

The 868 MHz Band in Europe

MeshCore operates on the EU868 ISM band, available for license-free use across the European Union, the United Kingdom, and most of Europe.

Frequency

869.4-869.65 MHz sub-band (MeshCore default: 869.618 MHz)

Transmit Power

Maximum 500 mW ERP (27 dBm) in the 869.4-869.65 MHz sub-band

Duty Cycle

10% maximum in this sub-band, as regulated by ETSI

No License Required

Anyone can operate devices on this band within the power and duty cycle limits. Sufficient for text-based mesh communication.

You must use 868 MHz devices in Europe. Devices sold for the US market operate on 915 MHz, which is not legal to use in Europe. When purchasing, always verify the frequency band.

How MeshCore Differs

MeshCore is not a replacement for the internet. It is a complementary communication system for when traditional infrastructure is unavailable, unreliable, or undesirable.

Cellular / Internet

  • Requires cell towers, fiber, and data centers
  • Ongoing costs: SIM card, data plan, ISP subscription
  • Depends on the power grid (towers need power)
  • Carriers and platforms can see your data
  • Single points of failure (tower, ISP, platform)
  • High bandwidth (streaming, video, voice)

MeshCore

  • No infrastructure needed — devices are the network
  • No ongoing costs after device purchase
  • Works off-grid with solar-powered nodes
  • End-to-end encrypted, no accounts or tracking
  • No single point of failure — mesh routes around problems
  • Low bandwidth (text messages only)

MeshCore complements traditional communication — it excels where infrastructure fails.

Use Cases

From emergency preparedness to daily privacy, MeshCore serves a wide range of communication needs.

Emergency Preparedness

When natural disasters, power outages, or network failures disrupt communications, MeshCore provides a fallback. A community-built mesh network continues to function independently.

Outdoor Activities

Hikers, cyclists, sailors, and campers often travel beyond cell coverage. MeshCore devices are small, lightweight, and battery-powered for remote areas.

Events and Gatherings

Festivals, markets, and outdoor events can use MeshCore for coordination, especially in areas with poor cell reception or overloaded cellular networks.

Privacy-Conscious Communication

Communicate without relying on platforms that collect data. Encrypted, peer-to-peer messaging with no accounts, no phone numbers, and no metadata collection.

Community Resilience

Local mesh networks strengthen community infrastructure. A neighborhood with MeshCore devices has communication that does not depend on any external provider.

Open Source

The firmware, companion app, and tools are open-source projects. Verify what the firmware does, modify it for your needs, and participate in its development.

Next Steps

Get Started

Step-by-step guide to get a device, flash the firmware, and send your first message.

Get Started

Browse Devices

Compare recommended models and prices to find the right device for your needs.

Browse Devices

Find Your Community

Connect with operators in your region and join local MeshCore groups.

Find Your Community

MeshCore vs Meshtastic

Understand how MeshCore compares to Meshtastic and which is right for you.

What is MeshCore?

Ready to Join?

Get started with MeshCore today. Our guide covers everything from choosing a device to sending your first message.

Get Started Browse Devices